高雄佛光山 Buddha’s Light Mountain, Kaohsiung, Taiwan

佛光山寺是一座大乘佛教的寺廟,總部位於中華民國高雄市大樹區,為南台灣著名 觀光勝地。佛光山在星雲大師的領導下,提倡著「人間佛教」。從佛光山開山以來 ,數十個別院以及組織在全世界各大洲建立起來;同時,孕育了超過1300名的出家眾。 佛光山特別強調以教育及服務來弘法。佛光山在這數十年來創立了大學、佛教學院、 圖書館、出版社、翻譯中心、藝文中心、茶館,並且也積極推動行動式的義診。

Foguangshan, also known as the Buddha’s Light Mountain, is a renowned Buddhist site located in the northeastern part of Kaohsiung, Taiwan. Founded in 1967 by the contemporary Buddhist master Venerable Hsing Yun, it has become the largest Buddhist monastery in Taiwan. Here are some key points about Foguangshan:

1. Origin and Significance:
   • Founded by Venerable Hsing Yun, Foguangshan aims to promote “Humanistic Buddhism,” emphasizing practical application of Buddhist teachings in daily life.
   • The site covers over 50 hectares and includes several grand temple buildings, thousands of statues, educational institutions, medical facilities, and cultural centers.
2. Features:
   • Main Temple Buildings: Foguangshan boasts four main temple buildings, each with its own unique architecture. These temples house countless Buddha statues and serve as places of worship and meditation.
   • Big Buddha City: A distinctive feature of Foguangshan is the “Big Buddha City.” This area includes a large central Buddha statue surrounded by 480 smaller Amitabha Buddha statues, creating a solemn and majestic atmosphere.
   • Educational and Cultural Institutions: Foguangshan hosts educational programs, Buddhist studies, and cultural events. It also houses a Buddhist university dedicated to spreading Humanistic Buddhism.
3. Visiting Foguangshan:
   • Visitors can explore the temples, learn about Buddhist teachings, and participate in various activities.
   • The serene ambiance, especially during sunset, provides a sense of tranquility and spiritual upliftment.
   • During the Lunar New Year and Lantern Festival, the mountain is adorned with colorful lanterns, creating a magical atmosphere.

Humanistic Buddhism is a modern interpretation of Buddhist philosophy that emphasizes practical application, social engagement, and compassion. Here are some key teachings associated with Humanistic Buddhism:

1. Engaged Compassion:
   • Humanistic Buddhists believe in actively practicing compassion and kindness toward all living beings. Rather than focusing solely on personal enlightenment, they emphasize helping others and alleviating suffering.
   • Compassion extends beyond rituals and meditation; it involves tangible acts of service and care for the welfare of others.
2. Fourfold Grace:
   • Humanistic Buddhists often refer to the “Fourfold Grace” (四重恩惠) as a guiding principle. It includes:
     • Parental Grace: Gratitude toward our parents and ancestors.
     • Monastic Grace: Respect for monastics (Buddhist monks and nuns) who uphold the teachings.
     • Teacher’s Grace: Appreciation for spiritual teachers who guide us.
     • Benefactor’s Grace: Acknowledgment of those who support us materially and spiritually.
3. Mindfulness in Daily Life:
   • Rather than isolating meditation from daily activities, Humanistic Buddhists encourage mindfulness in all aspects of life.
   • Being present, attentive, and compassionate while performing everyday tasks is considered a form of meditation.
4. Socially Engaged Buddhism:
   • Humanistic Buddhists actively participate in social and environmental issues. They work toward positive change, advocating for justice, equality, and ecological responsibility.
   • Engaged Buddhism seeks to address societal problems through Buddhist principles.
5. Merit and Virtue:
   • Accumulating merit (good deeds) and cultivating virtue are central to Humanistic Buddhism.
   • Acts of generosity, ethical conduct, and selflessness contribute to one’s spiritual progress.
6. Interconnectedness:
   • Humanistic Buddhists recognize the interconnectedness of all life. They emphasize the interdependence of individuals, communities, and the environment.
   • This perspective encourages responsible actions that benefit the whole.
7. Equality and Inclusivity:
   • Humanistic Buddhism rejects discrimination based on gender, race, or social status.
   • All beings have the potential for enlightenment, regardless of their background.
8. Education and Culture:
   • Humanistic Buddhists promote education, cultural exchange, and dialogue.
   • They believe that wisdom arises from learning, critical thinking, and open-mindedness.

Remember that Humanistic Buddhism is diverse, and interpretations may vary among practitioners and schools. Its core message, however, remains rooted in compassion, mindfulness, and active engagement with the world. 

In the context of Humanistic Buddhism, several influential figures have contributed to its development and propagation. Let’s explore a few of them:

1. Yin Shun:
   • Yin Shun played a pivotal role in the doctrinal exposition of Buddhism and the promotion of Humanistic Buddhism in Taiwan.
   • Although he was not particularly active in social or political spheres, his scholarly contributions significantly influenced the understanding and practice of Buddhism.

2. Hsing Yun:
   • Venerable Hsing Yun is a prominent figure in Humanistic Buddhism. He founded Fo Guang Shan, one of the largest Buddhist organizations in Taiwan.
   • Hsing Yun emphasized integrating Buddhist practices into everyday life, shifting the focus from rituals for the deceased to caring for the living.
   • His teachings emphasize compassion, altruism, and spiritual practices as part of daily life.

3. Sheng-yen (Shifu):
   • Chan Master Sheng-yen (1930–2009) was a renowned Taiwanese Buddhist monk and teacher.
   • He advocated for a practical approach to meditation and mindfulness, emphasizing their relevance in daily existence.
   • Sheng-yen’s teachings resonated with Humanistic Buddhist principles, emphasizing compassion and interconnectedness.

4. Wei Chueh:
   • Founder of the Chung Tai Chan Monastery, Wei Chueh is another influential figure in Humanistic Buddhism.
   • His teachings emphasize the integration of Buddhist practice with contemporary life, promoting mindfulness, compassion, and ethical conduct.

5. Cheng Yen:
   • Dharma Master Cheng Yen founded the Tzu Chi Foundation, a global humanitarian organization rooted in Humanistic Buddhism.
   • Tzu Chi focuses on disaster relief, environmental conservation, and social welfare. Cheng Yen’s teachings emphasize selfless service and compassion.

When visiting Fo Guang Shan (also known as Buddha’s Light Mountain) in Kaohsiung, Taiwan, there are several fascinating activities and attractions to explore:

1. Fo Guang Shan Buddha Museum:
   • The Buddha Museum is a must-visit. It started construction in 2008 and was completed in 2011. Inside, you’ll find precious artifacts, including the tooth of Sakyamuni Buddha.
   • Explore the museum’s eight pagodas, hundreds of statues, and four different museums.
   • Don’t miss the 108-meter Big Buddha, the largest in Taiwan, which stands majestically on the grounds.
2. Humanistic Buddhism Experience:
   • Fo Guang Shan practices Humanistic Buddhism, emphasizing compassion, mindfulness, and practical application in daily life.
   • Attend meditation sessions, learn about Buddhist teachings, and immerse yourself in the serene atmosphere.
3. Stupa and Pagodas:
   • Admire the pyramid-shaped stupa and the eight pagodas on the monastery grounds.
   • Each pagoda has its unique design and significance.
4. Jade and Golden Buddha Statues:
   • Marvel at the intricate jade and gold Buddha statues throughout the complex.
   • These statues represent various aspects of Buddhist teachings.
5. Underground Palaces (Time Capsules):
   • Explore the 48 underground palaces, which serve as time capsules.
   • Each capsule contains items representing different aspects of human civilization.
6. Auditorium and Cultural Performances:
   • Check if there are any cultural performances or talks scheduled in the auditorium.
   • Fo Guang Shan often hosts events related to Buddhism, art, and culture.
7. Teahouses and Vegetarian Cuisine:
   • Enjoy a cup of tea at one of the teahouses within the complex.
   • Try vegetarian cuisine at the monastery’s restaurants. The food is delicious and aligned with Buddhist principles.
8. Explore the Grounds:
   • Take a leisurely stroll around the beautifully landscaped gardens.
   • Enjoy panoramic views of the surrounding mountains and Kaohsiung city.

When you’re near Buddha’s Light Mountain (Fo Guang Shan) in Kaohsiung, Taiwan, there are several exciting activities and attractions to explore:

1. Pier 2 Art Center (駁二藝術特區):
   • Formerly old storage warehouses, the Pier 2 Art Center has transformed into a vibrant artists’ hub.
   • Explore colorful murals, quirky art installations, and exhibitions within the sprawling harbor front park.
   • Don’t miss the outdoor market on weekends, offering delicious food, crafts, and other goodies.
2. Lotus Pond (蓮池潭):
   • Stroll around the picturesque Lotus Pond, known for its scenic beauty and cultural significance.
   • Admire the Dragon and Tiger Pagodas, which you can enter through the dragon’s mouth and exit through the tiger’s mouth.
   • Explore the nearby temples, including the Spring and Autumn Pavilions.
3. Cihou Fort (旗後砲臺):
   • Visit the historic Cihou Fort, which offers panoramic views of the harbor and city.
   • Learn about its military past and enjoy the sea breeze from the fort’s vantage point.
4. Cihou Starlight Tunnel (旗津星光隧道):
   • Take a romantic stroll through the Cihou Starlight Tunnel, an illuminated pedestrian tunnel.
   • The tunnel features LED lights that create a mesmerizing starry sky effect.
5. Cihou Tianhou Temple (旗后天后宮):
   • Explore the Cihou Tianhou Temple, dedicated to the sea goddess Mazu.
   • The temple’s architecture and intricate details are worth admiring.
6. Kaohsiung Lighthouse (高雄燈塔):
   • Visit the iconic Kaohsiung Lighthouse, located near Cihou Fort.
   • The lighthouse has historical significance and offers great views of the coastline.
7. Shoushan Zoo (壽山動物園):
   • If you’re traveling with family, consider a visit to Shoushan Zoo.
   • It’s a small zoo with a focus on native Taiwanese wildlife.
8. Love Observatory (愛情觀景台):
   • Head to the Love Observatory for panoramic views of Kaohsiung.
   • It’s a popular spot for couples and sunset enthusiasts.

Remember to check local events and festivals during your visit. Some notable events include the Festival of Light at Fo Guang Shan (late January to early February), the Kaohsiung Spring Arts Festival (February to July), and the Mid-Autumn Festival (September) with moon cakes and lanterns.